#! /bin/bash # Written 2015 by Mario Kicherer (dev@kicherer.org) # # This script creates a disk image with an almost minimal Ubuntu Linux that # boots on a Raspberry Pi 2 system. # # You can configure the process using environment variables. For example, # to directly write to a SD card, execute: # # LODEV=/dev/sdX create_pibuntu.sh # # To use this script you need a few other tools, e.g., a static qemu binary # for ARM (from package qemu-user-static on Ubuntu). Please see the # "check_tool" lines below. RELEASE=${RELEASE-15.04} RELEASE_NAME=${RELEASE_NAME-vivid} IMG_SIZE_MB=${IMG_SIZE_MB-700} BOOT_SIZE_MB=${BOOT_SIZE_MB-100} ADDITIONAL_PKGS=${ADDITIONAL_PKGS-ssh} IMG_PATH=${IMG_PATH-pibuntu_${RELEASE}.img} function errcheck() { LAST=$? if [ "${LAST}" != "0" ]; then echo "error, \"$1\" failed $2" caller exit 1 fi } function check_tool { which $1 >/dev/null; errcheck "tool $1 not found" } QEMU_ARM=${QEMU_ARM-qemu-arm} if [ "${USER}" != "root" ]; then echo "This script must be run as root user." exit 1 fi check_tool debootstrap check_tool mkfs.vfat check_tool mkfs.btrfs check_tool kpartx check_tool btrfs check_tool "${QEMU_ARM}" UBUNTU_KEYRING=${UBUNTU_KEYRING-/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg} if [ ! -f ${UBUNTU_KEYRING} ]; then echo "Ubuntu keyring (${UBUNTU_KEYRING}) not found. To verify" echo "the downloaded files, please get this file or pass its location using" echo "UBUNTU_KEYRING environment variable." exit 1 fi echo "Creating an Ubuntu ${RELEASE} ${RELEASE_NAME} image" if [ "${LODEV}" == "" ]; then if [ ! -f ${IMG_PATH} ]; then echo "Create sparse image file" dd of=${IMG_PATH} bs=1000k seek=${IMG_SIZE_MB} count=0 status=none || errcheck "sparse dd" fi LODEV=$(losetup -a | grep ${IMG_PATH} | cut -d ":" -f1) if [ "${LODEV}" == "" ]; then LODEV=$(losetup -f --show ${IMG_PATH}); errcheck "losetup" echo "Created new loopback device ${LODEV}" fi DIRECT_WRITE=0 else DIRECT_WRITE=1 echo "using device file ${LODEV}" fi echo "check if partition table exists" PARTTABLE=$(sfdisk -d ${LODEV} | grep "Id=83") if [ "${PARTTABLE}" == "" ]; then echo "create new partition table" OUTPUT=$(sfdisk -L ${LODEV} 2>&1 </dev/null RES=$? if [ "${RES}" == "32" ]; then echo "creating new BTRFS on ${ROOTDEV}" OUTPUT=$(mkfs.btrfs ${ROOTDEV} 2>&1) errcheck "mkfs.btrfs" "${OUTPUT}" mount "${ROOTDEV}" "${ROOTDIR}" 2>/dev/null || errcheck "mount ${ROOTDEV}" fi SUBVOL=$(btrfs subvolume list "${ROOTDIR}" | grep "@root") if [ "${SUBVOL}" == "" ]; then echo "Creating new root subvolume" btrfs subvolume create "${ROOTDIR}"/@root || errcheck "subvolume create" #btrfs subvolume list "${ROOTDIR}" btrfs subvolume set-default 256 "${ROOTDIR}" || errcheck "subvolume set-default" umount "${ROOTDIR}" mount "${ROOTDEV}" "${ROOTDIR}" || errcheck "final mount root" fi if [ ! -d ${BOOTDIR} ]; then mkdir ${BOOTDIR} || errcheck "mkdir ${BOOTDIR} failed" fi echo "mounting ${BOOTDEV} to ${BOOTDIR}" mount "${BOOTDEV}" "${BOOTDIR}" 2>/dev/null RES=$? if [ "${RES}" == "32" ]; then echo "creating new FAT32 on ${BOOTDEV}" OUTPUT=$(mkfs.vfat -F 32 ${BOOTDEV} 2>&1) errcheck "mkfs.vfat" "${OUTPUT}" mount "${BOOTDEV}" "${BOOTDIR}" 2>/dev/null || errcheck "mount ${BOOTDEV}" fi if [ ! -f "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/.debootstrap_foreign ]; then echo "Starting first debootstrap stage" debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign \ --keyring="${UBUNTU_KEYRING}" \ ${RELEASE_NAME} "${ROOTDIR}" http://ports.ubuntu.com/ # Do not abort as debootstrap sometimes fails to install all packages for # some reason. This is fixed by an "apt-get -f install" later. #errcheck "first stage debootstrap" touch "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/.debootstrap_foreign else echo "First deboostrap stage already run" fi echo "Preparing for chroot" cp $(which ${QEMU_ARM}) "${ROOTDIR}"/usr/bin || errcheck cp ${UBUNTU_KEYRING} "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/ || errcheck mount -o bind /dev "${ROOTDIR}"/dev || errcheck mount -o bind /dev/pts "${ROOTDIR}"/dev/pts || errcheck mount -t sysfs /sys "${ROOTDIR}"/sys || errcheck mount -t proc /proc "${ROOTDIR}"/proc || errcheck cp /proc/mounts "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/mtab || errcheck echo " echo \"Entered deboostrap chroot\" if [ -f /debootstrap/debootstrap ]; then /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage else echo \"Second deboostrap stage already run\" fi " > "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/chroot_script chmod +x "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/chroot_script echo "Starting deboostrap chroot" LC_ALL=C chroot "${ROOTDIR}" /tmp/chroot_script echo "Preparing system configuration" echo "Initializing sources.list" echo " deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${RELEASE_NAME} main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${RELEASE_NAME}-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${RELEASE_NAME}-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://kicherer.org/pibuntu/ armhf/ #deb http://kicherer.org/pibuntu/ armhf-testing/ " > "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/apt/sources.list if [ "$(grep "/boot" "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/fstab)" == "" ]; then echo "Creating /etc/fstab" BOOT_UUID=$(blkid ${BOOTDEV} -o value -s UUID) ROOT_UUID=$(blkid ${ROOTDEV} -o value -s UUID) echo " UUID=${BOOT_UUID} /boot vfat defaults 0 2 UUID=${ROOT_UUID} / btrfs defaults,relatime 0 1 "> "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/fstab fi echo "pibuntu" > "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/hostname sed -i "s/localhost/localhost pibuntu/" "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/hosts echo "[Match] Name=eth* [Network] DHCP=both " > "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/systemd/network/dhcp.network # make sure these directories are mounted (again) mount -o bind /dev/pts "${ROOTDIR}"/dev/pts || errcheck mount -t sysfs /sys "${ROOTDIR}"/sys || errcheck mount -t proc /proc "${ROOTDIR}"/proc || errcheck cp /proc/mounts "${ROOTDIR}"/etc/mtab || errcheck echo "#! /bin/bash echo \"Entered chroot\" echo \"adding gpg key to verify custom repo signature\" echo \"-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: GnuPG v2 mQENBFWyU8YBCACy3camPJZ8uHRA6ir4z803EJQkGbA0WRKMzaJlOt/XgvN97aSU mRYBXJU4V9tnaIA6mh5CBqXTZmE9hv7K3NvZy2MJ3LUsTk6adRKKK1ilnmlWZbcF JT/2eSVEVuhQou0WvUohYLvSuOitF5BMFl7AuG/1kBqn9Qx1r4ZGt9SCdAMqovt2 WXDXgYR2XKmRILo60epRVM0y39eU6iAz0kb5d1LLSu0Mb2C+yK6u0tQkXX9DbScL s0uM7+7Ba1HIMM06pAgMoen2+YGo63CwL3nIzNxzWzNMZafGQ7ozdsWpiK/ZFpmK fF42FfSVq9T0utvzaN8XJN2jjChccipu7FOhABEBAAG0IU1hcmlvIEtpY2hlcmVy IDxkZXZAa2ljaGVyZXIub3JnPokBPwQTAQIAKQUCVbJTxgIbAwUJCWYBgAcLCQgH AwIBBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJEFRNoLj57BeNqk0IAJWaOgIgX2neJxDi 1moMUQKcqcJXoyG93E/cUud8X/2Hv6PrCaK0EJM18w7+NRGN2w2zAjcZ5TdVXljH TFSN633ljIq/p/OpynCDVE4mcgICCTqJiQJutGWLYTJE2wKhCkE8TJ5npkyAyMVq 4PzQYwtAOGcY9SW18K1Lk/gUkXxxFYOIwfkTr8NlHB54SVmsIHz93SVMtx1HmcTz vB+QSjoYrXJByARd3dGKqj5+jC08xGf9zzXNxk+gBbLqXlTe9FvTE8W0eS/pJ/Nn ppi1IbDXwq+gEMg8369s2AZs1lqppDJZC98MQCkBpi3yI+Hx9xYmIRalhnvQcgaM pAt+hTG5AQ0EVbJTxgEIAOY+LxDNs7+6ZGQT7S0wbqPEm+Ay54AgcEd7L1yeKnR2 Qain+kPS3anb5EqFW0MTGZGnRx7nw5XJqt2h+YN1niyHClwQfHwyK/wYEDbj98+E xXtoblRF/Dj7G5c4jSgo4ummzaMRQN7EA9QsR7Cnj/DazWVaCJExZDwU0c8qVMua Bo6WS4qEH45wRLsJ4w04nXlfzs4xROJrb4jukRWBojNlVQTm1akSA8Ack2Wd0clo oycxt/qnaPjSk9U5es2ZbLMHThm7J8ObPnizBwIBxGEkQtgtYxJxZzqfEPl7m2aF 9PBOxcyKxUTVTCgUPLdxbMOtuRW+wFka0Jh2+zOOvnEAEQEAAYkBJQQYAQIADwUC VbJTxgIbDAUJCWYBgAAKCRBUTaC4+ewXjfXoB/4xCkoRx0FL+V3Px8zDElV5W5Ky Yaja16+AnYj0u3no5xjIACIP+kiu4iH96I1huwqbwEYXBJgS+/Z8czFU38eyl2/Y 76uy2OUHXM1KjuIAfLGwvDBwTFxHqEvF0CJkr8i65lxRnBkFxxV5xf5Tn7Xb1+hB 6KHH7e9YzjwN0je6U/4Lr5i4Va1tsD5tY9IrlTabJlAENx/sNSZ+xcqkgBbf1dXL HTujfIytUFqUqOpNieHejuTIHW2yup4z/g+KkO2Wdeb4LVT/gOW5tKew+f5PDcky ZZbXhBjuajpDI6+YZXLN011sJ2PySEAORnzDIMZvU/6G/ffI4ZlBGg9oZBM6 =bQxK -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----\" | apt-key add - echo \"finalize package installation\" apt-get -y -f install apt-get update apt-get -y dist-upgrade # somehow debootstrapping fails for python3.4, install manually apt-get install -y python3.4 u-boot-tools btrfs-tools dosfstools apt-get install -y ${ADDITIONAL_PKGS} echo \"setup locales\" if [ \"\$(locale -a | grep en_US)\" == \"\" ]; then locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 dpkg-reconfigure locales fi echo \"enable DHCP\" systemctl enable systemd-networkd systemctl enable systemd-resolved mkdir -p /run/systemd/resolve/ ln -s ../../resolvconf/resolv.conf /run/systemd/resolve/ rm /etc/resolv.conf; ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf echo \"setup pibuntu user\" useradd -m -U -G sudo,video,audio,users -s /bin/bash pibuntu echo \"pibuntu:pibuntu\" | chpasswd echo \"installing RPI2 packages\" # force install as packages are not signed yet apt-get install -y rpi-configs rpi-firmware rpi-tools uboot-bin-rpi2 apt-get install linux-image-rpi cp /usr/share/doc/rpi2-configs/config.txt /boot/ echo -e \"\nkernel=uboot.bin\" >> /boot/config.txt # dbus is started during installation hence it blocks umount later kill -9 \`cat /var/run/dbus/pid\` touch /tmp/.config_chroot " > "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/chroot_script chmod +x "${ROOTDIR}"/tmp/chroot_script if [ ! -f /tmp/.config_chroot ]; then echo "Starting config chroot" LC_ALL=C chroot "${ROOTDIR}" /tmp/chroot_script fi echo "" echo "Setup finished." echo "" echo "Starting a shell inside the chroot environment. You can make further" echo "modifications now like installing additional packages." echo "" echo "To finish the installation, please enter \"exit\"." echo "" LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 chroot "${ROOTDIR}" /bin/bash echo "Cleaning up..." # LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 chroot "${ROOTDIR}" rm /tmp/* sync && sleep 1 umount -R ${ROOTDIR} rmdir ${ROOTDIR} kpartx -d ${LODEV} if [ "${DIRECT_WRITE}" == "0" ]; then losetup -d ${LODEV} fi echo "Installation finished." ### compress image for publication: # zip pibuntu_15.04.img.zip pibuntu_15.04.img ### decompress and write to card: # cat pibuntu_15.04.img.zip | gunzip -d | dd of=/dev/sdX